- Common
causes of child abuse are poor impulse control by the parents and the lack of
knowledge of growth and development.
- The
diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is based on clinical findings of two or more
cognitive deficits, progressive worsening of memory, and the results of a
neuropsychological test.
- Memory
disturbance is a classic sign of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Thought
blocking is loss of the train of thought because of a defect in mental
processing.
- Asking a
patient an open-ended question is one of the best ways to elicit or clarify
information.
- The
diagnosis of autism is often made when a child is between ages 2 and 3.
- Defense
mechanisms protect the personality by reducing stress and anxiety.
-
Suppression is voluntary exclusion of stress-producing thoughts from the
consciousness.
- In
psychodrama, life situations are approximated in a structured environment,
allowing the participant to recreate and enact scenes to gain insight and to
practice new skills.
-
Psychodrama is a therapeutic technique that’s used with groups to help
participants gain new perception and self-awareness by acting out their own or
assigned problems.
- A patient
who is taking disulfiram (Antabuse) must avoid ingesting products that contain
alcohol, such as cough syrup, fruitcake, and sauces and soups made with cooking
wine.
- A patient
who is admitted to a psychiatric hospital involuntarily loses the right to sign
out against medical advice.
- “People
who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones” and “A rolling stone gathers
no moss” are examples of proverbs used during a psychiatric interview to
determine a patient’s ability to think abstractly. (Schizophrenic patients
think in concrete terms and might interpret the glass house proverb as “If you
throw a stone in a glass house, the house will break.”)
- Signs of
lithium toxicity include diarrhea, tremors, nausea, muscle weakness, ataxia, and
confusion.
- A labile
affect is characterized by rapid shifts of emotions and mood.
- Amnesia is
loss of memory from an organic or inorganic cause.
- A person
who has borderline personality disorder is demanding and judgmental in
interpersonal relationships and will attempt to split staff by pointing to
discrepancies in the treatment plan.
- Disulfiram
(Antabuse) shouldn’t be taken concurrently with metronidazole (Flagyl) because
they may interact and cause a psychotic reaction.
- In rare
cases, electroconvulsive therapy causes arrhythmias and death.
- A patient
who is scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy should receive nothing by mouth
after midnight to prevent aspiration while under anesthesia.
-
Electroconvulsive therapy is normally used for patients who have severe
depression that doesn’t respond to drug therapy.
- For
electroconvulsive therapy to be effective, the patient usually receives 6 to 12
treatments at a rate of 2 to 3 per week.
- During the
manic phase of bipolar affective disorder, nursing care is directed at slowing
the patient down because the patient may die as a result of self-induced
exhaustion or injury.
- For a
patient with Alzheimer’s disease, the nursing care plan should focus on safety
measures.
- After
sexual assault, the patient’s needs are the primary concern, followed by
medicolegal considerations.
- Patients
who are in a maintenance program for narcotic abstinence syndrome receive 10 to
40 mg of methadone (Dolophine) in a single daily dose and are monitored to
ensure that the drug is ingested.
- Stress
management is a short-range goal of psychotherapy.
- The mood
most often experienced by a patient with organic brain syndrome is
irritability.
- Creative
intuition is controlled by the right side of the brain.
-
Methohexital (Brevital) is the general anesthetic that’s administered to
patients who are scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy.
- The
decision to use restraints should be based on the patient’s safety needs.
-
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) relieves the extrapyramidal adverse effects of
psychotropic drugs.
- In a
patient who is stabilized on lithium (Eskalith) therapy, blood lithium levels
should be checked 8 to 12 hours after the first dose, then two or three times
weekly during the first month. Levels should be checked weekly to monthly
during maintenance therapy.
- The
primary purpose of psychotropic drugs is to decrease the patient’s symptoms,
which improves function and increases compliance with therapy.
-
Manipulation is a maladaptive method of meeting one’s needs because it
disregards the needs and feelings of others.
- If a
patient has symptoms of lithium toxicity, the nurse should withhold one dose
and call the physician.
- A patient
who is taking lithium (Eskalith) for bipolar affective disorder must maintain a
balanced diet with adequate salt intake.
- A patient
who constantly seeks approval or assistance from staff members and other
patients is demonstrating dependent behavior.
- Alcoholics
Anonymous advocates total abstinence from alcohol.
-
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the drug of choice for treating attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder in children.
- Setting
limits is the most effective way to control manipulative behavior.
- Violent
outbursts are common in a patient who has borderline personality disorder.
- When
working with a depressed patient, the nurse should explore meaningful losses.
- An
illusion is a misinterpretation of an actual environmental stimulus.
- Anxiety is
nonspecific; fear is specific.
-
Extrapyramidal adverse effects are common in patients who take antipsychotic
drugs.
- The nurse
should encourage an angry patient to follow a physical exercise program as one
of the ways to ventilate feelings.
- Depression
is clinically significant if it’s characterized by exaggerated feelings of
sadness, melancholy, dejection, worthlessness, and hopelessness that are
inappropriate or out of proportion to reality.
-
Free-floating anxiety is anxiousness with generalized apprehension and
pessimism for unknown reasons.
- In a
patient who is experiencing intense anxiety, the fight-or-flight reaction
(alarm reflex) may take over.
-
Confabulation is the use of imaginary experiences or made-up information to
fill missing gaps of memory.
- When
starting a therapeutic relationship with a patient, the nurse should explain
that the purpose of the therapy is to produce a positive change.
- A basic
assumption of psychoanalytic theory is that all behavior has meaning.
- Catharsis
is the expression of deep feelings and emotions.
- According
to the pleasure principle, the psyche seeks pleasure and avoids unpleasant
experiences, regardless of the consequences.
- A patient
who has a conversion disorder resolves a psychological conflict through the
loss of a specific physical function (for example, paralysis, blindness, or
inability to swallow). This loss of function is involuntary, but diagnostic
tests show no organic cause.
-
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) is the drug of choice for treating alcohol
withdrawal symptoms.
- For a
patient who is at risk for alcohol withdrawal, the nurse should assess the
pulse rate and blood pressure every 2 hours for the first 12 hours, every 4
hours for the next 24 hours, and every 6 hours thereafter (unless the patient’s
condition becomes unstable).
- Alcohol
detoxification is most successful when carried out in a structured environment
by a supportive, nonjudgmental staff.
- The nurse
should follow these guidelines when caring for a patient who is experiencing
alcohol withdrawal: Maintain a calm environment, keep intrusions to a minimum,
speak slowly and calmly, adjust lighting to prevent shadows and glare, call the
patient by name, and have a friend or family member stay with the patient, if
possible.
- The
therapeutic regimen for an alcoholic patient includes folic acid, thiamine, and
multivitamin supplements as well as adequate food and fluids.
- A patient
who is addicted to opiates (drugs derived from poppy seeds, such as heroin and
morphine) typically experiences withdrawal symptoms within 12 hours after the
last dose. The most severe symptoms occur within 48 hours and decrease over the
next 2 weeks.
- Reactive
depression is a response to a specific life event.
- Projection
is the unconscious assigning of a thought, feeling, or action to someone or
something else.
-
Sublimation is the channeling of unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable
behavior.
- Repression
is an unconscious defense mechanism whereby unacceptable or painful thoughts,
impulses, memories, or feelings are pushed from the consciousness or forgotten.
-
Hypochondriasis is morbid anxiety about one’s health associated with various
symptoms that aren’t caused by organic disease.
- Denial is
a refusal to acknowledge feelings, thoughts, desires, impulses, or external
facts that are consciously intolerable.
- Reaction
formation is the avoidance of anxiety through behavior and attitudes that are
the opposite of repressed impulses and drives.
-
Displacement is the transfer of unacceptable feelings to a more acceptable
object.
- Regression
is a retreat to an earlier developmental stage.
- According
to Erikson, an older adult (age 65 or older) is in the developmental stage of
integrity versus despair.
- Family
therapy focuses on the family as a whole rather than the individual. Its major
objective is to reestablish rational communication between family members.
- When
caring for a patient who is hostile or angry, the nurse should attempt to
remain calm, listen impartially, use short sentences, and speak in a firm,
quiet voice.
- Ritualism
and negativism are typical toddler behaviors. They occur during the
developmental stage identified by Erikson as autonomy versus shame and doubt.
-
Circumstantiality is a disturbance in associated thought and speech patterns in
which a patient gives unnecessary, minute details and digresses into
inappropriate thoughts that delay communication of central ideas and goal
achievement.
- Idea of
reference is an incorrect belief that the statements or actions of others are
related to oneself.
- Group
therapy provides an opportunity for each group member to examine interactions,
learn and practice successful interpersonal communication skills, and explore
emotional conflicts.
-
Korsakoff’s syndrome is believed to be a chronic form of Wernicke’s
encephalopathy. It’s marked by hallucinations, confabulation, amnesia, and
disturbances of orientation.
- A patient
with antisocial personality disorder often engages in confrontations with
authority figures, such as police, parents, and school officials.
- A patient
with paranoid personality disorder exhibits suspicion, hypervigilance, and
hostility toward others.
- Depression
is the most common psychiatric disorder.
- Adverse
reactions to tricyclic antidepressant drugs include tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension,
hypomania, lowered seizure threshold, tremors, weight gain, problems with
erections or orgasms, and anxiety.
- The
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory consists of 550 statements for the
subject to interpret. It assesses personality and detects disorders, such as
depression and schizophrenia, in adolescents and adults.
- Organic
brain syndrome is the most common form of mental illness in elderly patients.
- A person
who has an IQ of less than 20 is profoundly retarded and is considered a
total-care patient.
- Reframing
is a therapeutic technique that’s used to help depressed patients to view a
situation in alternative ways.
- Fluoxetine
(Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil) are serotonin reuptake
inhibitors used to treat depression.
- The early
stage of Alzheimer’s disease lasts 2 to 4 years. Patients have inappropriate
affect, transient paranoia, disorientation to time, memory loss, careless
dressing, and impaired judgment.
- The middle
stage of Alzheimer’s disease lasts 4 to 7 years and is marked by profound
personality changes, loss of independence, disorientation, confusion, inability
to recognize family members, and nocturnal restlessness.
- The last
stage of Alzheimer’s disease occurs during the final year of life and is
characterized by a blank facial expression, seizures, loss of appetite,
emaciation, irritability, and total dependence.
-
Threatening a patient with an injection for failing to take an oral drug is an
example of assault.
-
Reexamination of life goals is a major developmental task during middle
adulthood.
- Acute
alcohol withdrawal causes anorexia, insomnia, headache, and restlessness and
escalates to a syndrome that’s characterized by agitation, disorientation,
vivid hallucinations, and tremors of the hands, feet, legs, and tongue.
- In a
hospitalized alcoholic, alcohol withdrawal delirium most commonly occurs 3 to 4
days after admission.
-
Confrontation is a communication technique in which the nurse points out
discrepancies between the patient’s words and his nonverbal behaviors.
- For a
patient with substance-induced delirium, the time of drug ingestion can help to
determine whether the drug can be evacuated from the body.
- Treatment
for alcohol withdrawal may include administration of I.V. glucose for
hypoglycemia, I.V. fluid containing thiamine and other B vitamins, and
antianxiety, antidiarrheal, anticonvulsant, and antiemetic drugs.
- The
alcoholic patient receives thiamine to help prevent peripheral neuropathy and
Korsakoff’s syndrome.
- Alcohol
withdrawal may precipitate seizure activity because alcohol lowers the seizure
threshold in some people.
-
Paraphrasing is an active listening technique in which the nurse restates what
the patient has just said.
- A patient
with Korsakoff’s syndrome may use confabulation (made up information) to cover
memory lapses or periods of amnesia.
- People
with obsessive-compulsive disorder realize that their behavior is unreasonable,
but are powerless to control it.
- When
witnessing psychiatric patients who are engaged in a threatening confrontation,
the nurse should first separate the two individuals.
- Patients
with anorexia nervosa or bulimia must be observed during meals and for some
time afterward to ensure that they don’t purge what they have eaten.
-
Transsexuals believe that they were born the wrong gender and may seek hormonal
or surgical treatment to change their gender.
- Fugue is a
dissociative state in which a person leaves his familiar surroundings, assumes
a new identity, and has amnesia about his previous identity. (It’s also
described as “flight from himself.”)
- In a
psychiatric setting, the patient should be able to predict the nurse’s behavior
and expect consistent positive attitudes and approaches.
- When
establishing a schedule for a one-to-one interaction with a patient, the nurse
should state how long the conversation will last and then adhere to the time
limit.
- Thought
broadcasting is a type of delusion in which the person believes that his thoughts
are being broadcast for the world to hear.
- Lithium
should be taken with food. A patient who is taking lithium shouldn’t restrict
his sodium intake.
- A patient
who is taking lithium should stop taking the drug and call his physician if he
experiences vomiting, drowsiness, or muscle weakness.
- The
patient who is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for depression can include
cottage cheese, cream cheese, yogurt, and sour cream in his diet.
- Sensory
overload is a state in which sensory stimulation exceeds the individual’s
capacity to tolerate or process it.
- Symptoms
of sensory overload include a feeling of distress and hyperarousal with
impaired thinking and concentration.
- In sensory
deprivation, overall sensory input is decreased.
- A sign of
sensory deprivation is a decrease in stimulation from the environment or from
within oneself, such as daydreaming, inactivity, sleeping excessively, and
reminiscing.
- The three
stages of general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
- A
maladaptive response to stress is drinking alcohol or smoking excessively.
-
Hyperalertness and the startle reflex are characteristics of posttraumatic
stress disorder.
- A
treatment for a phobia is desensitization, a process in which the patient is
slowly exposed to the feared stimuli.
- Symptoms
of major depressive disorder include depressed mood, inability to experience
pleasure, sleep disturbance, appetite changes, decreased libido, and feelings
of worthlessness.
- Clinical
signs of lithium toxicity are nausea, vomiting, and lethargy.
- Asking too
many “why” questions yields scant information and may overwhelm a psychiatric
patient and lead to stress and withdrawal.
- Remote
memory may be impaired in the late stages of dementia.
- According
to the DSM-IV, bipolar II disorder is characterized by at least one manic
episode that’s accompanied by hypomania.
- The nurse
can use silence and active listening to promote interactions with a depressed
patient.
- A psychiatric
patient with a substance abuse problem and a major psychiatric disorder has a
dual diagnosis.
- When a
patient is readmitted to a mental health unit, the nurse should assess
compliance with medication orders.
- Alcohol
potentiates the effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
- Flight of
ideas is movement from one topic to another without any discernible connection.
- Conduct
disorder is manifested by extreme behavior, such as hurting people and animals.
- During the
“tension-building” phase of an abusive relationship, the abused individual
feels helpless.
- In the
emergency treatment of an alcohol-intoxicated patient, determining the
blood-alcohol level is paramount in determining the amount of medication that
the patient needs.
- Side
effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) include diarrhea, decreased
libido, weight loss, and dry mouth.
- Before
electroconvulsive therapy, the patient is given the skeletal muscle relaxant
succinylcholine (Anectine) by I.V. administration.
- When a
psychotic patient is admitted to an inpatient facility, the primary concern is
safety, followed by the establishment of trust.
- An
effective way to decrease the risk of suicide is to make a suicide contract
with the patient for a specified period of time.
- A
depressed patient should be given sufficient portions of his favorite foods,
but shouldn’t be overwhelmed with too much food.
- The nurse
should assess the depressed patient for suicidal ideation.
- Delusional
thought patterns commonly occur during the manic phase of bipolar disorder.
- Apathy is
typically observed in patients who have schizophrenia.
-
Manipulative behavior is characteristic of a patient who has passive–
aggressive personality disorder.
- When a
patient who has schizophrenia begins to hallucinate, the nurse should redirect
the patient to activities that are focused on the here and now.
- When a
patient who is receiving an antipsychotic drug exhibits muscle rigidity and
tremors, the nurse should administer an antiparkinsonian drug (for example,
Cogentin or Artane) as ordered.
- A patient
who is receiving lithium (Eskalith) therapy should report diarrhea, vomiting,
drowsiness, muscular weakness, or lack of coordination to the physician
immediately.
- The
therapeutic serum level of lithium (Eskalith) for maintenance is 0.6 to 1.2
mEq/L.
-
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety-related disorder.
- Al-Anon is
a self-help group for families of alcoholics.
-
Desensitization is a treatment for phobia, or irrational fear.
- After electroconvulsive
therapy, the patient is placed in the lateral position, with the head turned to
one side.
- A delusion
is a fixed false belief.
- Giving
away personal possessions is a sign of suicidal ideation. Other signs include
writing a suicide note or talking about suicide.
-
Agoraphobia is fear of open spaces.
- A person
who has paranoid personality disorder projects hostilities onto others.
- To assess
a patient’s judgment, the nurse should ask the patient what he would do if he
found a stamped, addressed envelope. An appropriate response is that he would
mail the envelope.
- After
electroconvulsive therapy, the patient should be monitored for post-shock
amnesia.
- A mother
who continues to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation after a physician
pronounces a child dead is showing denial.
-
Transvestism is a desire to wear clothes usually worn by members of the
opposite sex.
- Tardive dyskinesia
causes excessive blinking and unusual movement of the tongue, and involuntary
sucking and chewing.
-
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) and benztropine (Cogentin) are administered to
counteract extrapyramidal adverse effects.
- To prevent
hypertensive crisis, a patient who is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor
should avoid consuming aged cheese, caffeine, beer, yeast, chocolate, liver,
processed foods, and monosodium glutamate.
-
Extrapyramidal symptoms include parkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia (“ants in the
pants”), and tardive dyskinesia.
- One theory
that supports the use of electroconvulsive therapy suggests that it “resets”
the brain circuits to allow normal function.
- A patient
who has obsessive-compulsive disorder usually recognizes the senselessness of
his behavior but is powerless to stop it (ego-dystonia).
- In helping
a patient who has been abused, physical safety is the nurse’s first priority.
- Pemoline
(Cylert) is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Clozapine
(Clozaril) is contraindicated in pregnant women and in patients who have severe
granulocytopenia or severe central nervous system depression.
-
Repression, an unconscious process, is the inability to recall painful or
unpleasant thoughts or feelings.
- Projection
is shifting of unwanted characteristics or shortcomings to others (scapegoat).
- Hypnosis
is used to treat psychogenic amnesia.
- Disulfiram
(Antabuse) is administered orally as an aversion therapy to treat alcoholism.
- Ingestion of
alcohol by a patient who is taking disulfiram (Antabuse) can cause severe
reactions, including nausea and vomiting, and may endanger the patient’s life.
- Improved
concentration is a sign that lithium is taking effect.
- Behavior
modification, including time-outs, token economy, or a reward system, is a
treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- For a
patient who has anorexia nervosa, the nurse should provide support at mealtime
and record the amount the patient eats.
- A
significant toxic risk associated with clozapine (Clozaril) administration is
blood dyscrasia.
- Adverse
effects of haloperidol (Haldol) administration include drowsiness; insomnia;
weakness; headache; and extrapyramidal symptoms, such as akathisia, tardive
dyskinesia, and dystonia.
-
Hypervigilance and déjà vu are signs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- A child
who shows dissociation has probably been abused.
-
Confabulation is the use of fantasy to fill in gaps of memory- According to
Kübler-Ross, the five stages of death and dying are denial, anger, bargaining,
depression, and acceptance.
- Flight of
ideas is an alteration in thought processes that’s characterized by skipping
from one topic to another, unrelated topic.
- La belle
indifférence is the lack of concern for a profound disability, such as
blindness or paralysis that may occur in a patient who has a conversion
disorder.
- Moderate
anxiety decreases a person’s ability to perceive and concentrate. The person is
selectively inattentive (focuses on immediate concerns), and the perceptual
field narrows.
- A patient
who has a phobic disorder uses self-protective avoidance as an ego defense
mechanism.
- In a
patient who has anorexia nervosa, the highest treatment priority is correction
of nutritional and electrolyte imbalances.
- A patient
who is taking lithium must undergo regular (usually once a month) monitoring of
the blood lithium level because the margin between therapeutic and toxic levels
is narrow. A normal laboratory value is 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L.
- Early
signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include anxiety, anorexia, tremors,
and insomnia. They may begin up to 8 hours after the last alcohol intake.
- Al-Anon is
a support group for families of alcoholics.
- The nurse
shouldn’t administer chlorpromazine (Thorazine) to a patient who has ingested
alcohol because it may cause oversedation and respiratory depression.
- Lithium
toxicity can occur when sodium and fluid intake are insufficient, causing
lithium retention.
- An
alcoholic who achieves sobriety is called a recovering alcoholic because no
cure for alcoholism exists.
- According
to Erikson, the school-age child (ages 6 to 12) is in the industry-versus-inferiority
stage of psychosocial development.
- When
caring for a depressed patient, the nurse’s first priority is safety because of
the increased risk of suicide.
- Echolalia
is parrotlike repetition of another person’s words or phrases.
- According
to psychoanalytic theory, the ego is the part of the psyche that controls
internal demands and interacts with the outside world at the conscious,
preconscious, and unconscious levels.
- According
to psychoanalytic theory, the superego is the part of the psyche that’s
composed of morals, values, and ethics. It continually evaluates thoughts and
actions, rewarding the good and punishing the bad. (Think of the superego as
the “supercop” of the unconscious.)
- According
to psychoanalytic theory, the id is the part of the psyche that contains
instinctual drives. (Remember i for instinctual and d for drive.)
- Denial is
the defense mechanism used by a patient who denies the reality of an event.
- In a
psychiatric setting, seclusion is used to reduce overwhelming environmental
stimulation, protect the patient from self-injury or injury to others, and
prevent damage to hospital property. It’s used for patients who don’t respond
to less restrictive interventions. Seclusion controls external behavior until
the patient can assume self-control and helps the patient to regain
self-control.
-
Tyramine-rich food, such as aged cheese, chicken liver, avocados, bananas, meat
tenderizer, salami, bologna, Chianti wine, and beer may cause severe
hypertension in a patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
- A patient
who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor should be weighed biweekly and
monitored for suicidal tendencies.
- If the
patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor has palpitations, headaches, or
severe orthostatic hypotension, the nurse should withhold the drug and notify
the physician.
- Common
causes of child abuse are poor impulse control by the parents and the lack of
knowledge of growth and development.
- The
diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is based on clinical findings of two or more
cognitive deficits, progressive worsening of memory, and the results of a
neuropsychological test.
- Memory
disturbance is a classic sign of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Thought
blocking is loss of the train of thought because of a defect in mental
processing.
- A
compulsion is an irresistible urge to perform an irrational act, such as
walking in a clockwise circle before leaving a room or washing the hands
repeatedly.
- A patient
who has a chosen method and a plan to commit suicide in the next 48 to 72 hours
is at high risk for suicide.
- The
therapeutic serum level for lithium is 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L.
- Phobic
disorders are treated with desensitization therapy, which gradually exposes a
patient to an anxiety-producing stimulus.
-
Dysfunctional grieving is absent or prolonged grief.
- During
phase I of the nurse-patient relationship (beginning, or orientation, phase),
the nurse obtains an initial history and the nurse and the patient agree to a
contract.
- During
phase II of the nurse-patient relationship (middle, or working, phase), the
patient discusses his problems, behavioral changes occur, and self-defeating
behavior is resolved or reduced.
- During
phase III of the nurse-patient relationship (termination, or resolution,
phase), the nurse terminates the therapeutic relationship and gives the patient
positive feedback on his accomplishments.
- According
to Freud, a person between ages 12 and 20 is in the genital stage, during which
he learns independence, has an increased interest in members of the opposite
sex, and establishes an identity.
- According
to Erikson, the identity-versus-role confusion stage occurs between ages 12 and
20.
- Tolerance
is the need for increasing amounts of a substance to achieve an effect that
formerly was achieved with lesser amounts.
- Suicide is
the third leading cause of death among white teenagers.
- Most
teenagers who kill themselves made a previous suicide attempt and left telltale
signs of their plans.
- In
Erikson’s stage of generativity versus despair, generativity (investment of the
self in the interest of the larger community) is expressed through procreation,
work, community service, and creative endeavors.
- Alcoholics
Anonymous recommends a 12-step program to achieve sobriety.
- Signs and
symptoms of anorexia nervosa include amenorrhea, excessive weight loss, lanugo
(fine body hair), abdominal distention, and electrolyte disturbances.
- A serum
lithium level that exceeds 2.0 mEq/L is considered toxic.
- Public Law
94-247 (Child Abuse and Neglect Act of 1973) requires reporting of suspected
cases of child abuse to child protection services.
- The nurse
should suspect sexual abuse in a young child who has blood in the feces or
urine, penile or vaginal discharge, genital trauma that isn’t readily
explained, or a sexually transmitted disease.
- An
alcoholic uses alcohol to cope with the stresses of life.
- The human
personality operates on three levels: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
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